二尖瓣脱垂

Mitral valve prolapse causes the covers (leaflets) of the heart's mitral valve to bulge (prolapse), similar to a parachute into the heart's left upper chamber (left atrium) as the heart contracts.

This condition may lead to blood leaking backwards into the left atrium, referred to as mitral valve regurgitation. This disease is not life-threatening in most cases and may not require treatment or changes in lifestyle. Only a few cases of mitral valve prolapse need treatment.

了解症状

The mitral valve prolapse is a lifelong ailment, 但通常, people don't have symptoms and are surprised to know they have this disease.

Some signs may occur because blood is leaking backwards through the valve, and symptoms broadly differ from one individual to another, tend to be mild and develop gradually.

症状包括疲劳, 头晕或头昏, a racing or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), and causing difficulty in breathing and/or shortness of breath, often during physical activity or when lying flat.

咨询平台首页

Talk to the doctor when you experience any symptoms, allowing the doctor to diagnose the exact cause of the signs. 当有胸痛时, 你怀疑这是心脏病发作, seek emergency medical care immediately. When you have already been diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse, consult your doctor quickly if the symptoms begin to worsen.

了解原因

The mitral valve regulates the function of blood between the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart. 当心脏功能正常时, the mitral valve closes completely as the heart pumps, preventing the blood from flowing back to the upper left chamber (left atrium).

然而, 在某些情况下, one or both of the mitral valve leaflets have extra tissue or stretch beyond usually needed, causing them to bulge like a parachute into the left atrium each time the heart contracts. This bulging keeps the valve from closing tightly, 在一些条件下, the blood leaks backwards through the valve (mitral valve regurgitation).

Some amount of blood leaks back into the left atrium is not a cause of concern, but more severe mitral valve regurgitation may result in symptoms like shortness of breath, 疲劳或头晕.

Mitral valve prolapse is referred to as a click-murmur syndrome. The doctor hears a clicking sound as the valve's leaflets billow back, followed by a whooshing sound (murmur) due to blood flowing back to the atrium.

Mitral valve prolapse is also called Barlow's syndrome, 软瓣综合征, Billowing mitral valve syndrome and Myxomatous mitral valve disease.

认识风险

This condition may occur to any person at any age, but serious symptoms usually happen in men over 50 years. Mitral valve prolapse can be hereditary and is associated with several other conditions, like:
•马凡氏综合症
•埃勒斯-丹洛斯综合征
•Ebstein异常
•肌肉萎缩症
•格雷夫斯病
•脊柱侧凸

相关的复杂性

Most people with mitral valve prolapse never face problems, 但也会出现一些并发症, 如:
• Mitral valve regurgitation, wherein the valve leaks blood back into the left atrium. Primarily men and those with high blood pressure are prone to this condition. 在严重的反流情况下, surgery is needed to repair or replace the valve to prevent heart failure.
•心律问题(心律失常), wherein irregular heart rhythms happen in the heart's upper chambers that are bothersome but not life-threatening. Those facing severe mitral valve regurgitation or severe mitral valve deformity are prone to having rhythm problems that affect blood movement through the heart.
• Heart valve infection (endocarditis) is when the heart's inner lining, 叫做心内膜, 被感染的. An abnormal mitral valve makes you prone to getting endocarditis from bacteria, 进一步损伤二尖瓣.